Corrections and Retractions Policy

OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra is strongly dedicated to the accuracy, integrity, and transparency of the scholarly record. If concerns arise regarding the validity, reliability, ethical compliance, or publication status of a published manuscript, the Editorial Board and Publisher will respond appropriately, guided by the journal's publication ethics policy.

The journal adheres to internationally recognized principles of publication ethics and research integrity, including recommendations from COPE's Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors and Article Correction, Retraction and Removal Policy by Elsevier. However, the procedures will be adapted, and their implementation will be determined by the Editorial Board and Publisher of OKARA.

Depending on the severity of the issue, the journal may issue a correction, an expression of concern, a retraction, a removal, a replacement, or a withdrawal notice. All decisions are made through a fair, transparent, and evidence-based assessment process.

OKARA's Policy on Article Withdrawal

OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra will implement article withdrawal only for published manuscripts that have been accepted and made available online as early versions (i.e., articles in press) but have not yet been formally assigned to a journal issue. An article may be withdrawn under the following circumstances:

• It has been submitted or published more than once by accident;
• Substantial errors, either technical or administrative, are identified;
• Serious ethical concerns are identified before formal publication;
• The authors request withdrawal and provide a justification that is accepted by the Editorial Board.

When an article is withdrawn, the full text will no longer be accessible. However, a withdrawal notice explaining the reason for removal will remain available to ensure transparency in the publication record. The article content (HTML and PDF) will be removed and replaced with an HTML page and a PDF stating that the article has been withdrawn in accordance with OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra's policy.

OKARA's Policy on Retraction

OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra may retract a published article when clear evidence indicates that the article's contents, including its findings or conclusions, or its publication process, are unreliable or violate accepted standards of publication ethics. Retraction may be considered under the following circumstances, including but not limited to:

• Plagiarism or substantial unattributed similarity to other published work is identified;
• The article has been published more than once, either accidentally or intentionally, including in another language;
• The data or results have been fabricated, altered, or presented in a misleading way;
• Major and substantiated disputes concerning authorship or the attribution of credit are identified;
• Important conflicts of interest were not disclosed, undermining the trustworthiness of the research;
• Other major errors are identified that make the results or conclusions unreliable.

Retraction decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief, together with the Editorial Board and Publisher, after a careful and fair investigation based on clear evidence. Authors will be contacted, informed of the issues, and given an opportunity to respond before a final decision is made. This ensures that the process is fair, respectful, and transparent to everyone involved.

Regarding the retraction process, OKARA follows established best practices for article retraction, drawing on Elsevier's policy with appropriate modifications, as follows:

• A retraction notice titled "Retraction: [Article Title]" is published in the paginated part of a subsequent journal issue and listed in the table of contents. The notice is signed by the authors and/or the editor, as appropriate;
• In the electronic version, a link is provided to the original article;
• The online article is preceded by a page displaying the retraction notice. The link to the article resolves to this notice, from which readers can proceed to the original article;
• The original article is retained unchanged, except for a watermark on the PDF indicating that the article has been retracted;
• The HTML version of the original article will be removed.

OKARA's Policy on Article Removal

In rare and exceptional situations, OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra may need to remove a published article from public access if keeping the full text available would create serious legal, ethical, or safety concerns. Article removal may be considered in cases such as:

• The content is found to be defamatory or unlawful;
• The publication violates the legal rights of another person or organization;
• A valid regulation requires the journal to remove the content;
• The publication presents a serious risk to individuals, communities, or public welfare;
• Other exceptional situations arise in which making the article publicly available is no longer appropriate.

Any decision to remove an article will be made by the Editor-in-Chief, in consultation with the Editorial Board and Publisher, after a careful review of the evidence and relevant legal or ethical considerations. When an article is removed, its bibliographic information, including the title, authors, publication details, and DOI, will remain part of the scholarly record. The full text will be replaced with a notice explaining that the article has been removed and, where appropriate, stating the reason for this action.

OKARA's Policy on Article Replacement

OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra may allow a published article to be replaced if major errors are identified. Article replacement may be considered when correcting and updating the article would better serve the scholarly record than leaving the original version available without correction. The decision is made by the Editor-in-Chief, together with the Editorial Board and Publisher, taking into account publication ethics, the accuracy of the work, and the needs of readers and researchers.

The stages for requesting article replacement are as follows:

• The author(s), Editor-in-Chief, Editorial Board, or Publisher may submit a request for article replacement;
• Every request is carefully reviewed by the editorial team to assess the nature and seriousness of the issue;
• If replacement is approved, the original article will be clearly identified and linked to the new, corrected version;
• A replacement notice will explain the reason for the change and indicate how the two versions are connected;
• The publication history will remain available so readers can understand what has changed and why.