Eksplorasi Hutan dalam Novel Anak Penyamun dalam Rimba Karya Mocthar Lubis: Kajian Ekokritik
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi hutan dalam novel Anak Penyamun dalam Rimba karya Mochtar Lubis dengan pendekatan ekokritik. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kutipan-kutipan teks yang mengandung deskripsi hutan, interaksi manusia dengan alam, dan elemen-elemen ekokritik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui analisis dokumen terhadap keseluruhan isi novel dengan cara membaca dan menelaah teks secara mendalam. Pembacaan dilakukan secara berulang untuk mengidentifikasi secara cermat bentuk-bentuk hubungan manusia dengan alam, deskripsi lingkungan, dan nilai-nilai ekologis dalam cerita. Seluruh kutipan yang relevan diberikan kode sehingga membentuk kategori awal analisis. Analisis data mengikuti model interaktif yang meliputi tahap pengumpulan data, kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan 1) konsep hutan rimba yang dibagi menjadi tiga, yakni a) hutan rimba yang lebat dan susah terjangkau oleh manusia, b) hutan sebagai tempat yang penuh keanekaragaman flora dan fauna yang memberikan nilai estetika kepada manusia, dan c) hutan sebagai tempat yang penuh dengan kesejukan dan keindahan untuk merenung, bermeditasi, dan mencari makna hidup, 2) Penelitian ini menemukan pergeseran makna perhutanan sosial, yakni a) hutan sebagai sarang penyamun yang menunjukkan persepsi manusia terhadap hutan dapat berubah seiring dengan waktu dan konteks sosial, dan b) hutan sebagai tempat penambangan ilegal yang menunjukkan manusia dapat merusak lingkungan demi kepentingan pribadi.
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