Peran Literasi Pangan Orang Tua dalam Mencengah Stunting Pada Anak Usia Dini: A Systematic Literature Review
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Abstract
Stunting in early childhood is a major nutritional problem that impairs children’s physical growth and cognitive development. One of the main contributing factors is the low level of parental food literacy, particularly among mothers. This study systematically reviews existing literature on parental understanding of food literacy and its role in preventing stunting in early childhood. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted using the PRISMA. Articles were retrieved from four academic databases—Scopus, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect, and Taylor & Francis—covering publications between 2013 and 2024. A total of twenty eligible articles were analyzed thematically. The results show that parental food literacy significantly influences children’s dietary quality, with variations determined by education, socioeconomic status, access to information, and family food culture. Moreover, everyday practices such as food selection, preparation, and serving reflect the application of food literacy, which is strongly associated with child growth outcomes. This review highlights the importance of strengthening parental food literacy through community-based education and government-supported intervention programs as strategic measures to reduce stunting prevalence.
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References
Bodden, C., Hannan, A. J., & Reichelt, A. C. (2021). Of ‘junk food’and ‘brain food’: How parental diet influences offspring neurobiology and behaviour. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 32(8), 566–578.
Calcaterra, V., Verduci, E., Magenes, V. C., Pascuzzi, M. C., Rossi, V., Sangiorgio, A., Bosetti, A., Zuccotti, G., & Mameli, C. (2021). The role of pediatric nutrition as a modifiable risk factor for precocious puberty. Life, 11(12), 1353.
Dave, L. A., Hodgkinson, S. M., Roy, N. C., Smith, N. W., & McNabb, W. C. (2023). The role of holistic nutritional properties of diets in the assessment of food system and dietary sustainability. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63(21), 5117–5137.
de Morais Sato, P., Couto, M. T., Wells, J., Cardoso, M. A., Devakumar, D., & Scagliusi, F. B. (2020). Mothers’ food choices and consumption of ultra-processed foods in the Brazilian Amazon: A grounded theory study. Appetite, 148, 104602.
Efendy, M. P., & Setiawan, D. (2021). Perancangan Aplikasi Makanan Empat Sehat Lima Sempurna Untuk Mencegah Stunting. JOISIE (Journal Of Information Systems And Informatics Engineering), 5(1), 13–19.
Fardet, A., & Rock, E. (2018). Perspective: reductionist nutrition research has meaning only within the framework of holistic and ethical thinking. Advances in Nutrition, 9(6), 655–670.
Fernandez, M. A., Desroches, S., Marquis, M., Lebel, A., Turcotte, M., & Provencher, V. (2019). Which food literacy dimensions are associated with diet quality among Canadian parents? British Food Journal, 121(8), 1670–1685.
Hayati, A. W. (2019). Gizi Seimbang Anak: Cegah Stunting. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.
Hursti, U.-K. K. (1999). Factors influencing children’s food choice. Annals of Medicine, 31(sup1), 26–32.
Khaeriyah, F., Arifin, S., & Hayatie, L. (2020). Hubungan pendidikan dan pola asuh ibu dengan kejadian gizi kurang dan gizi buruk pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Beruntung Raya Banjarmasin. Homeostasis, 3(2), 173–178.
Lim, S. L., Teoh, C., Zhao, X., Umareddy, I., Grillo, V., Singh, S. S., & Khouw, I. (2020). Attitudes & beliefs that influence healthy eating behaviours among mothers of young children in Singapore: A cross-sectional study. Appetite, 148, 104555.
Loi, M. N. (2024). Peranan Literasi Gizi Dalam Mengurangi Stunting Anak Usia Dini Di Puskesmas Medan Helvetia. Journal Net. Library and Information, 1(1), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.51544/jnli.v1i1.5342
Mulyani, N. S., Fitriyaningsih, E., Al Rahmad, A. H., & Hadi, A. (2022). Peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu untuk pencegahan stunting di Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Jurnal PADE: Pengabdian & Edukasi, 4(1), 28–33.
Ningrum, D., Lindayani, E., Faozi, A., Ma’ruf, N. M., & Fauziyah, R. N. (2023). Peningkatan pengetahuan ibu tentang makanan sehat untuk mencegah stunting pada anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(1), 12–19.
Nyaradi, A., Li, J., Hickling, S., Whitehouse, A. J. O., Foster, J. K., & Oddy, W. H. (2013). Diet in the early years of life influences cognitive outcomes at 10 years: a prospective cohort study. Acta Paediatrica, 102(12), 1165–1173.
Okeyo, D. O. (2018). Impact of food fortification on child growth and development during complementary feeding. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 73(Suppl. 1), 7–13.
Partida, S., Marshall, A., Henry, R., Townsend, J., & Toy, A. (2018). Attitudes toward nutrition and dietary habits and effectiveness of nutrition education in active adolescents in a private school setting: A pilot study. Nutrients, 10(9), 1260.
Putri, A. R. (2020). Aspek pola asuh, pola makan, dan pendapatan keluarga pada kejadian stunting. Healthy Tadulako Journal (Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako), 6(1), 7–12.
Rahayu, A., Yulidasari, F., Putri, A. O., & Anggraini, L. (2018). Study guide-stunting dan upaya pencegahannya. Buku Stunting Dan Upaya Pencegahannya, 88.
Rahayu, Y. D., Yunariyah, B., & Jannah, R. (2022). Gambaran faktor penyebab kejadian stunting pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Semanding Tuban. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 10(2), 156–162.
Rahmadhita, K. (2020). Permasalahan stunting dan pencegahannya. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 9(1), 225–229.
Rianti, R., Kholifah, A., Hasanah, L., & Setiasih, T. (2023). Implementasi Pengenalan Gizi Seimbang Anak Melalui Kreasi Bentuk Makanan. Edu Happiness: Jurnal Ilmiah Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini, 2(1), 76–88.
Riska, N. (2021). Pengaruh pelatihan tentang pemilihan makanan sehat untuk mencegah terjadinya stunting melalui edukasi gizi terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan remaja putri. JKKP (Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga Dan Pendidikan), 8(02), 175–185.
Sabila, T., Anggraeni, N. A., & Lestari, M. C. D. (2024). Pentingnya Literasi Bagi Ibu Dalam Pencegahan Stunting. Bunayya: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 9(2), 267–274.
Sahira, N. S., & Assariah, K. S. P. (2023). Edukasi dan pendampingan program cegah stunting. Jurnal Bina Desa, 5(1), 33–38.
Shan, X. (2010). Influence of parents’ child-feeding practices on child’s weight status among Chinese adolescents in Beijing, China. Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.
Smith, A. D., Sanchez, N., Reynolds, C., Casamassima, M., Verros, M., Annameier, S. K., Melby, C., Johnson, S. A., Lucas-Thompson, R. G., & Shomaker, L. B. (2020). Associations of parental feeding practices and food reward responsiveness with adolescent stress-eating. Appetite, 152, 104715.
Stewart, C. P., Fernald, L. C. H., Weber, A. M., Arnold, C., & Galasso, E. (2020). Lipid-based nutrient supplementation reduces child anemia and increases micronutrient status in Madagascar: a multiarm cluster-randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Nutrition, 150(4), 958–966.
Talango, S. R. (2020). Konsep perkembangan anak usia dini. Early Childhood Islamic Education Journal, 1(01), 93–107.
Virolainen, S. J., VonHandorf, A., Viel, K. C. M. F., Weirauch, M. T., & Kottyan, L. C. (2023). Gene–environment interactions and their impact on human health. Genes & Immunity, 24(1), 1–11.
Wicaksono, A. W., Nafi’ah, A., Winona, A. F. S., & Muhid, A. (2022). Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif melalui Metode Bernyanyi pada Anak Usia Dini: Literature Review. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood: Jurnal Dunia Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 408–420.
Zhang, N., Bécares, L., & Chandola, T. (2016). Patterns and determinants of double-burden of malnutrition among rural children: evidence from China. PloS One, 11(7), e0158119.
Apriasih, H., & Chanty, Y. H. (2023). Peran Keluarga dengan Balita Stunting dalam Upaya Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Desa Cikunir Tasikmalaya. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan Indonesia, 13(03), 100–106.
Bodden, C., Hannan, A. J., & Reichelt, A. C. (2021). Of ‘junk food’and ‘brain food’: How parental diet influences offspring neurobiology and behaviour. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 32(8), 566–578.
Calcaterra, V., Verduci, E., Magenes, V. C., Pascuzzi, M. C., Rossi, V., Sangiorgio, A., Bosetti, A., Zuccotti, G., & Mameli, C. (2021). The role of pediatric nutrition as a modifiable risk factor for precocious puberty. Life, 11(12), 1353.
Dave, L. A., Hodgkinson, S. M., Roy, N. C., Smith, N. W., & McNabb, W. C. (2023). The role of holistic nutritional properties of diets in the assessment of food system and dietary sustainability. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63(21), 5117–5137.
de Morais Sato, P., Couto, M. T., Wells, J., Cardoso, M. A., Devakumar, D., & Scagliusi, F. B. (2020). Mothers’ food choices and consumption of ultra-processed foods in the Brazilian Amazon: A grounded theory study. Appetite, 148, 104602.
Efendy, M. P., & Setiawan, D. (2021). Perancangan Aplikasi Makanan Empat Sehat Lima Sempurna Untuk Mencegah Stunting. JOISIE (Journal Of Information Systems And Informatics Engineering), 5(1), 13–19.
Fardet, A., & Rock, E. (2018). Perspective: reductionist nutrition research has meaning only within the framework of holistic and ethical thinking. Advances in Nutrition, 9(6), 655–670.
Fernandez, M. A., Desroches, S., Marquis, M., Lebel, A., Turcotte, M., & Provencher, V. (2019). Which food literacy dimensions are associated with diet quality among Canadian parents? British Food Journal, 121(8), 1670–1685.
Hayati, A. W. (2019). Gizi Seimbang Anak: Cegah Stunting. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.
Hursti, U.-K. K. (1999). Factors influencing children’s food choice. Annals of Medicine, 31(sup1), 26–32.
Khaeriyah, F., Arifin, S., & Hayatie, L. (2020). Hubungan pendidikan dan pola asuh ibu dengan kejadian gizi kurang dan gizi buruk pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Beruntung Raya Banjarmasin. Homeostasis, 3(2), 173–178.
Lim, S. L., Teoh, C., Zhao, X., Umareddy, I., Grillo, V., Singh, S. S., & Khouw, I. (2020). Attitudes & beliefs that influence healthy eating behaviours among mothers of young children in Singapore: A cross-sectional study. Appetite, 148, 104555.
Loi, M. N. (2024). Peranan Literasi Gizi Dalam Mengurangi Stunting Anak Usia Dini Di Puskesmas Medan Helvetia. Journal Net. Library and Information, 1(1), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.51544/jnli.v1i1.5342
Mulyani, N. S., Fitriyaningsih, E., Al Rahmad, A. H., & Hadi, A. (2022). Peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu untuk pencegahan stunting di Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Jurnal PADE: Pengabdian & Edukasi, 4(1), 28–33.
Ningrum, D., Lindayani, E., Faozi, A., Ma’ruf, N. M., & Fauziyah, R. N. (2023). Peningkatan pengetahuan ibu tentang makanan sehat untuk mencegah stunting pada anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(1), 12–19.
Nyaradi, A., Li, J., Hickling, S., Whitehouse, A. J. O., Foster, J. K., & Oddy, W. H. (2013). Diet in the early years of life influences cognitive outcomes at 10 years: a prospective cohort study. Acta Paediatrica, 102(12), 1165–1173.
Okeyo, D. O. (2018). Impact of food fortification on child growth and development during complementary feeding. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 73(Suppl. 1), 7–13.
Partida, S., Marshall, A., Henry, R., Townsend, J., & Toy, A. (2018). Attitudes toward nutrition and dietary habits and effectiveness of nutrition education in active adolescents in a private school setting: A pilot study. Nutrients, 10(9), 1260.
Putri, A. R. (2020). Aspek pola asuh, pola makan, dan pendapatan keluarga pada kejadian stunting. Healthy Tadulako Journal (Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako), 6(1), 7–12.
Rahayu, A., Yulidasari, F., Putri, A. O., & Anggraini, L. (2018). Study guide-stunting dan upaya pencegahannya. Buku Stunting Dan Upaya Pencegahannya, 88.
Rahayu, Y. D., Yunariyah, B., & Jannah, R. (2022). Gambaran faktor penyebab kejadian stunting pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Semanding Tuban. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 10(2), 156–162.
Rahmadhita, K. (2020). Permasalahan stunting dan pencegahannya. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 9(1), 225–229.
Rianti, R., Kholifah, A., Hasanah, L., & Setiasih, T. (2023). Implementasi Pengenalan Gizi Seimbang Anak Melalui Kreasi Bentuk Makanan. Edu Happiness: Jurnal Ilmiah Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini, 2(1), 76–88.
Riska, N. (2021). Pengaruh pelatihan tentang pemilihan makanan sehat untuk mencegah terjadinya stunting melalui edukasi gizi terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan remaja putri. JKKP (Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga Dan Pendidikan), 8(02), 175–185.
Sabila, T., Anggraeni, N. A., & Lestari, M. C. D. (2024). Pentingnya Literasi Bagi Ibu Dalam Pencegahan Stunting. Bunayya: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 9(2), 267–274.
Sahira, N. S., & Assariah, K. S. P. (2023). Edukasi dan pendampingan program cegah stunting. Jurnal Bina Desa, 5(1), 33–38.
Shan, X. (2010). Influence of parents’ child-feeding practices on child’s weight status among Chinese adolescents in Beijing, China. Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.
Smith, A. D., Sanchez, N., Reynolds, C., Casamassima, M., Verros, M., Annameier, S. K., Melby, C., Johnson, S. A., Lucas-Thompson, R. G., & Shomaker, L. B. (2020). Associations of parental feeding practices and food reward responsiveness with adolescent stress-eating. Appetite, 152, 104715.
Stewart, C. P., Fernald, L. C. H., Weber, A. M., Arnold, C., & Galasso, E. (2020). Lipid-based nutrient supplementation reduces child anemia and increases micronutrient status in Madagascar: a multiarm cluster-randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Nutrition, 150(4), 958–966.
Talango, S. R. (2020). Konsep perkembangan anak usia dini. Early Childhood Islamic Education Journal, 1(01), 93–107.
Virolainen, S. J., VonHandorf, A., Viel, K. C. M. F., Weirauch, M. T., & Kottyan, L. C. (2023). Gene–environment interactions and their impact on human health. Genes & Immunity, 24(1), 1–11.
Wicaksono, A. W., Nafi’ah, A., Winona, A. F. S., & Muhid, A. (2022). Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif melalui Metode Bernyanyi pada Anak Usia Dini: Literature Review. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood: Jurnal Dunia Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 408–420.
Zhang, N., Bécares, L., & Chandola, T. (2016). Patterns and determinants of double-burden of malnutrition among rural children: evidence from China. PloS One, 11(7), e0158119.
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