PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI BERBASIS ETNOSAINS: PROFIL KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN SIKAP TANGGUNG JAWAB PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPAS DI SEKOLAH DASAR
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi praktik pembelajaran inkuiri berbasis etnosains serta menganalisis profil keterampilan berpikir kritis dan sikap tanggung jawab siswa sekolah dasar pada mata pelajaran IPAS materi perubahan kenampakan alam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan dukungan data kualitatif untuk menggambarkan praktik pembelajaran inkuiri berbasis etnosains serta profil keterampilan berpikir kritis dan sikap tanggung jawab siswa. Subjek penelitian ini melibatkan 81 siswa kelas V dan tiga guru di Kabupaten Pamekasan. Data diperoleh melalui tes berpikir kritis berdasarkan indikator Ennis, angket sikap tanggung jawab, observasi kelas, dan wawancara guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 88,9% siswa berada pada kategori rendah dalam keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan rata-rata capaian tiap indikator di bawah 40%, terutama kemampuan menyimpulkan dan memberikan penjelasan logis. Sikap tanggung jawab siswa berada pada kategori cukup hingga baik berdasarkan hasil angket, meskipun masih bersifat indikatif karena belum diperkuat dengan observasi perilaku nyata. Praktik pembelajaran telah memuat unsur inkuiri seperti eksplorasi dan diskusi kelompok, tetapi etnosains masih diposisikan sebagai konteks tambahan dan belum berfungsi sebagai kerangka konseptual yang mengarahkan proses berpikir dan pembentukan sikap tanggung jawab. Temuan penelitian ini mengindikasikan perlunya penguatan pembelajaran inkuiri berbasis etnosains dengan menempatkan pengetahuan dan nilai budaya lokal sebagai kerangka konseptual pembelajaran, didukung refleksi dan penilaian autentik, guna mengoptimalkan pengembangan aspek kognitif dan afektif siswa pada pembelajaran IPAS.
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