Sinergy of Community Participation, Government Support and Environmental Awareness on Local Wisdom Based Sustainable Ecotourism Village
Abstract views: 50
,
PDF downloads: 38
Abstract
Local wisdom-based tourism plays an important role in sustainable development; however, Tomok Tourism Village in Samosir still faces challenges such as low community participation, limited government support, and a lack of environmental awareness. This study aims to analyze the roles of community participation, government support, and environmental awareness in fostering local wisdom-based sustainable ecotourism in Tomok Tourism Village, Samosir. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys of 100 respondents analyzed using SEM-PLS with qualitative interviews and field observations involving 10 informants to capture socio-cultural contexts. Quantitative results reveal that community participation has a significant and dominant effect on sustainable ecotourism (path coefficient = 0.495; p-value 0.000 < 0.05), while environmental awareness also shows a significant positive influence (path coefficient = 0.362; p-value 0.000 < 0.05). In contrast, government support, though positive in direction, does not significantly affect sustainability (path coefficient = 0.148; p-value 0.208 > 0.05). Qualitative findings reinforce these results by showing that local communities actively participate in tourism management based on a strong sense of ownership and cultural values, while government involvement is often limited to regulatory and short-term assistance. Respondents also emphasized that environmental awareness among both residents and visitors has begun to improve through collective initiatives to maintain cleanliness and reduce plastic waste. Overall, sustainable ecotourism in Tomok is primarily driven by active community involvement and environmental consciousness, while the government’s role remains suboptimal. The study suggests the need to strengthen community capacity, enhance environmental education, and reposition the government’s role from regulator to facilitator in achieving sustainable ecotourism.
Downloads
References
Aref, F. (2011). Sense of community and participation for tourism development in Shiraz, Iran. Life Science Journal, 8(1), 226–230.
Baloch, Q. B., Shah, S. N., Iqbal, N., & al., et. (2023). Impact of tourism development upon environmental sustainability: a suggested framework for sustainable ecotourism. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 5917–5930. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22496-w
Bisnis, K. (2024). Durasi menginap wisatawan domestik dan mancanegara di Indonesia masih rendah. Kumparan Bisnis. https://kumparan.com/kumparanbisnis
BPODT. (2021). Masterplan pengembangan destinasi super prioritas Danau Toba. Badan Pelaksana Otorita Danau Toba. https://www.bpodt.id
Carvajal-Trujillo, E., Pérez-Gálvez, J. C., & Orts-Cardador, J. J. (2024). Exploring tourists’ pro-environmental behavior: a bibliometric analysis over two decades (1999–2023). Journal of Tourism Futures. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-02-2024-0033
Daily, M. (2024). Rata-rata lama menginap wisatawan di Indonesia hanya 8,75 malam. JawaPos.com. https://metrodaily.jawapos.com
Dangi, T. B., & Jamal, T. (2020). An integrated approach to “sustainable community-based tourism.” Sustainability, 12(7), 2857. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072857
Eshun, F., & Asiedu, A. B. (2023). Residents’ empowerment for sustainable ecotourism: insights from Ghana. Anatolia, 34(2), 113–129.
Fauzi, M. A., Han, H., Hanafiah, M. H., & Bakar, N. A. A. (2023). Pro-environmental behavior in tourism and hospitality: Science mapping of present and future trends. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 40(8), 712–727. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2023.2283255
Fernando, D., Marpaung, F., Eugenie, A., Latuheru, T. G. F., & Amaliyah, R. (2025). Dukungan Masyarakat untuk Pengembangan Ekowisata di Lahan Gambut Kalimantan Tengah: Perspektif Ekonomi, Sosial, dan Lingkungan: Community Support for Ecotourism Development in Central Kalimantan Peatlands: Economic, Social, and Environmental Perspectives. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 26(1), 9–18. https://ejournal.brin.go.id/JTL/article/view/5784
Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89010-1
Indonesia, W. N. (2025). Indonesia’s super priority tourism destinations. What’s New Indonesia. https://whatsnewindonesia.com/others/ultimate-guide/indonesias-super-priority-tourism-destinations
Kemenparekraf. (2023). Statistik pariwisata Indonesia 2023. Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Republik Indonesia. https://www.kemenparekraf.go.id
Kia, A. R. (2021). Ecotourism in Indonesia: Local community involvement and the affecting factors. Jurnal Governance and Public Policy, 8(3), 145–157. https://journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/GPP/article/view/10789
Lo, M. C., & Janta, H. (2020). Resident participation in tourism development: A critical review and future research agenda. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1607754
Lubis, M. R., Siregar, T., & Hamid, F. (2024). Collaborative governance networks supporting sustainable ecotourism: A case study of Gili Iyang Island, Indonesia. Society: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 11(2), 211–224. https://societyfisipubb.id/index.php/society/article/view/663
Muqsith, I. A., Mardiana, R., & Dharmawan, A. H. (2023). Pencapaian SDGs pada kawasan ekowisata (studi kasus: Situ Gunung Kabupaten Sukabumi). Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 21(4), 740–754.
Office, S. T. (2022). Annual tourism report of Samosir Regency 2022. Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Samosir. https://samosirkab.go.id
Pitana, G., & Gayatri, P. (2005). Sosiologi Pariwisata. CV Andi Offset.
Ramadhan, G., & Rahmawati, M. P. (2024). The Role of Stakeholders in the Implementation of Ecotourism Development Policy in Sindang Panjang Village, Lahat Regency. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 3(2), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.58222/jiv.v3i2.1025
Samosir, W. N. (2025). Ribuan pengunjung hadiri Festival Simanindo Fest 2025 di Tuk Tuk. Wahana News Samosir. https://wahananews.co.id/samosir/simanindo-fest-2025
Scheyvens, R. (2022). Tourism for development: Empowering communities and sustaining environments. Routledge.
Sobhani, P., Esmaeilzadeh, H., Sadeghi, S., Wolf, I., & Deljouei, A. (2022). Relationship Analysis of Local Community Participation in Sustainable Ecotourism Development in Protected Areas, Iran. Land, 11(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101871
Suansri, P. (200 C.E.). Community Based Tourism Handbook. Responsible Ecological Social Tours (REST).
Utomo, S. B. (2023). Local wisdom-based ecotourism policy implementation model (Study on the Tengger Ngadas Community). Progresif: Jurnal Administrasi Publik.
Waluyo, W. B., Latifah, W. U., Fismasari, Z., & Oktafianti, E. (2025). Peran Masyarakat dalam Membangun Ketahanan Masyarakat Melalui Ekowisata yang Sehat dan Berkelanjutan. Action Research Literate, 9(1). https://arl.ridwaninstitute.co.id/index.php/arl
Widiartanto, A., Suryana, D., & Fadilah, N. (2022). The role of social capital in community-based ecotourism: A case of Batang District, Central Java, Indonesia. Review of Humanities and Sustainable Development, 7(1), 87–98. https://journal.lifescifi.com/index.php/RH/article/view/81
Yulia, S., Siregar, R., & Manurung, T. (2024). Strengthening community capacity and local institutions in supporting sustainable tourism in Lake Toba area. Jurnal Pariwisata Berkelanjutan Indonesia, 5(1), 45–58.
Copyright (c) 2025 Entita: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
ENTITA: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial operates an Open Access policy under a Creative Commons Non-Commercial 4.0 International license. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The copyright of the received article once accepted for publication shall be assigned to the journal as the publisher with licensed under a
- Journal is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Journal is permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
- Here is Copyright Transfer Form that author can download and send to OJS during submission.
