A Multivocal Literature Review of Green Election Political Education Based on Pancasila Values to Achieve Sustainability
Abstract views: 96
,
PDF downloads: 69
Abstract
Pancasila-based green election reform is positioned as a strategy to strengthen democracy with integrity while simultaneously orienting toward sustainability and environmental awareness. Using the Multivocal Literature Review method, this study examined 69 secondary documents from regulations, journals, proceedings, reports, and books. This international and national literature review utilized large databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. Government documents, such as laws, regulations, and other supporting documents, were retrieved from Indonesian legal web sources. Two concepts were used: environmental and political education. These two concepts were used solely for conceptual understanding. The analysis was then conducted based on existing regulations in Indonesia, then integrated with the values of Pancasila. The results show that although regulations on environmental political education exist, their implementation remains weak, and the values of divinity, humanity, unity, deliberation, and justice have not been reflected in environmental election performance indicators. Key recommendations include green compliance indicators in the evaluation and ethics of organizers, low emission campaigns that are inclusive of all groups including people with disabilities, the establishment of a green election task force, the development of a green election deliberation module, and the management of campaign material waste to promote a just and sovereign green democracy in line with Pancasila.
Downloads
References
Aikowe, L. D., & Mazancova, J. (2023). Pro-environmental awareness of university students – assessment through sustainability literacy test. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 24(3), 719–741. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-06-2021-0219
Al Izzati, R., Dartanto, T., Suryadarma, D., & Suryahadi, A. (2024). Direct elections and trust in state and political institutions: Evidence from Indonesia’s election reform. European Journal of Political Economy, 85, 102572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2024.102572
Ariyatun, A., Sudarmin, S., Wardani, S., Saptono, S., & Winarto, W. (2024). Bibliometric Analysis of Environmental Literacy in Sustainable Development: A Comprehensive Review Based on Scopus Data From 2013 to 2023. International Journal of Educational Methodology, volume–10–2024(volume–10–issue–1–february–2024), 179–195. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.10.1.979
Carrera-Rivera, A., Ochoa, W., Larrinaga, F., & Lasa, G. (2022). How-to conduct a systematic literature review: A quick guide for computer science research. MethodsX, 9, 101895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2022.101895
Charles, G. (2024). How Political Institutional Arrangements Shape Public Policy [PDF]. https://doi.org/10.5526/ESJ.370
Cooper-Stanton, G. R., Gale, N., Sidhu, M., & Allen, K. (2022). A qualitative systematic review and meta-aggregation of the experiences of men diagnosed with chronic lymphoedema. Journal of Research in Nursing, 27(8), 704–732. https://doi.org/10.1177/17449871221088791
Dodman, D., Hayward, B., & Pelling, M. (Eds). (2023). Climate Change 2022 - Mitigation of Climate Change: Working Group III Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1st edn). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157926
Earle, A. G., & Leyva-de La Hiz, D. I. (2021). The wicked problem of teaching about wicked problems: Design thinking and emerging technologies in sustainability education. Management Learning, 52(5), 581–603. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507620974857
Figueiredo, M., Dias, A., Neves, J., & Vicente, H. (2023). Assessment of Literacy to Biotechnological Solutions for Environmental Sustainability in Portugal. Sustainability, 15(13), 10056. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310056
Flemming, K., & Noyes, J. (2021). Qualitative Evidence Synthesis: Where Are We at? International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, 1609406921993276. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406921993276
Garousi, V., Felderer, M., & Mäntylä, M. V. (2019). Guidelines for including grey literature and conducting multivocal literature reviews in software engineering. Information and Software Technology, 106, 101–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2018.09.006
General Election Commission Number 5 of 2020 Concerning The Third Amendment To The General Election Commission Regulation Number 15 Of 2019 Concerning The Stages, Program, And Schedule of The 2020 Election Of Governor And Vice Governor, Regent And Vice Regent, And/or Mayor and Vice Mayor, State News No. 615 7 (2025). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/173389/peraturan-kpu-no-5-tahun-2020
General Election Commission Regulation Number 15 of 2023 Concerning General Election Campaigns, State News No. 548 57 (2025). http://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/263594/peraturan-kpu-no-15-tahun-2023
General Election Supervisory Agency Regulation Number 5 of 2022 concerning Supervision of the Implementation of General Elections, Pub. L. No. State Gazette The Republic Of Indonesia 2022 Number 1071, 16 (2025). http://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/254603/peraturan-bawaslu-no-5-tahun-2022
Gopinath, S., & Kumar, A. (2025). The effect of an environmental education program based on empathy and reflective thinking on preadolescents’ environmental values and knowledge. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 34(2), 100–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/10382046.2024.2349430
Gusenbauer, M., & Gauster, S. P. (2025). How to search for literature in systematic reviews and meta-analyses: A comprehensive step-by-step guide. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 212, 123833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123833
Hasibuan, S. A. (2023). Sistem Pemilihan Umum dalam Kaitan dengan Negara Demokrasi. Warta Dharmawangsa, 17(2), 602–609. https://doi.org/10.46576/wdw.v17i2.3174
Heriyanto, H. (2022). Dinasti Politik Pada Pilkada Di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Demokrasi. Journal of Government and Politics (JGOP), 4(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.31764/jgop.v4i1.7778
Hirvonen, S., Lassander, M., Sääksvuori, L., & Tukiainen, J. (2024). Mobilizing young voters with short text messages in nationwide field experiments. Aboa Centre for Economics (ACE), 166.
Huang, H., & Hsin, C. T. (2023). Environmental Literacy Education and Sustainable Development in Schools Based on Teaching Effectiveness. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 18(5), 1639–1648. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.180535
Hwang, E., Kim, S., & Kim, S. (2024). Is it possible to manage energy politics? Exploring the direct and indirect effects of political factors on the acceptance of solar energy. Energy Strategy Reviews, 55, 101532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2024.101532
Kelly, M. M., Martin-Peters, T., & Farber, J. S. (2024). Secondary Data Analysis: Using existing data to answer new questions. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 38(4), 615–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2024.03.005
Kharchenko, T., Hatska, L., Sagaydack, J., & Chubuk, L. (2020). Education System Environmentalization in Ukraine within the Modern Context. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 11(3), 704. https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v11.3(43).24
Koçak, E., Yalçin Çeli̇K, A., & Uluyol, Ç. (2023). Pre-service Teachers’ Environmental Literacy: The Role of STEM-Based Environmental Education with Microcontrollers. Participatory Educational Research, 10(5), 233–247. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.23.84.10.5
Kronborg, A., Hedegaard, F., Klindt, I., & Vandeweerdt, C. (2024). Do green parties in government benefit from natural catastrophes? How wildfires are linked to voting. Electoral Studies, 88, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2024.102749
Lam, W. W.-L. (2019). The Fight for China’s Future: Civil Society vs. the Chinese Communist Party (1st edn). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429198915
Law Number 1 of 2015 Concerning the Stipulation Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2014 Concerning the Election of Governors, Regents, and Mayors to Become Law, Pub. L. No. State Gazette The Republic Of Indonesia 2014 Number 245, 130 (2025). http://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/37341/uu-no-1-tahun-2015
Law The Republic Indonesia Number 7 of 2017 Concerning General Elections, Pub. L. No. State Gazette Of The Republic Of Indonesia Year 2017 Number 182, 317. Retrieved 21 July 2025, from https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/details/37644/uu-no-7-tahun-2017
Liang, S.-W., Fang, W.-T., Yeh, S.-C., Liu, S.-Y., Tsai, H.-M., Chou, J.-Y., & Ng, E. (2018). A Nationwide Survey Evaluating the Environmental Literacy of Undergraduate Students in Taiwan. Sustainability, 10(6), 1730. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061730
Libório, M. P., Martins, C. A. P. S., Laudares, S., & Ekel, P. I. (2023). Method of preparing an international and national literature review for novice researchers. MethodsX, 10, 102165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2023.102165
Lim, W. M. (2025). Systematic Literature Reviews: Reflections, Recommendations, and Robustness Check. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 24(3), 1498–1510. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2479
Lindgren, K.-O., Nyman, P., & Oskarsson, S. (2025). Examining Voting Spillover Effects of Text Message Reminders. British Journal of Political Science, 55, e21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123424000504
Liu, S., & Luo, L. (2023). A Study on the Impact of Ideological and Political Education of Ecological Civilization on College Students’ Willingness to Act Pro-Environment: Evidence from China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2608. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032608
Long, D. E., & Henderson, J. A. (2024). Emergent forms of ‘Dark Green Religion’ and the (ecofascist) future of environmental education in the United States. Environmental Education Research, 30(9), 1500–1518. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2024.2359455
Luo, L., Qiao, D., Tang, J., Wan, A., Qiu, L., Liu, X., Liu, Y., & Fu, X. (2022). Training of Farmers’ Cooperatives, Value Perception and Members’ Willingness of Green Production. Agriculture, 12(8), 1145. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081145
MacManus, K., Balk, D., Engin, H., McGranahan, G., & Inman, R. (2021). Estimating population and urban areas at risk of coastal hazards, 1990–2015: How data choices matter. Earth System Science Data, 13(12), 5747–5801. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5747-2021
Maninggesa, S. (2022). Pentingnya Peranan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemilihan Umum. AHKAM, 1(1), 166–176. https://doi.org/10.58578/ahkam.v1i1.749
Martin, J. (2017). © Joanna Briggs Institute 2017 Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses.
Mulyadi, D., St May, N., Hidayat, S., Egas, & Adawiah, I. (2024). Evaluation of the Performance of the General Election Commission Based on the Principles of Clean and Good Governance in the 2024 Election. Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice, 2(2), 17. https://doi.org/10.47134/ijlj.v2i2.3435
Najmi, A., Ibad, S., & Dairani, D. (2024). Politik Blater dalam Perspektif UU. Pemilu No.7 Tahun 2017. HUKMY : Jurnal Hukum, 4(2), 725–733. https://doi.org/10.35316/hukmy.2024.v4i2.725-733
Negm, E. (2024). Recognizing the impact of value-belief-norm theory on pro-environmental behaviors of higher education students: Considering aspects for social-marketing applications. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 25(2), 289–305. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-04-2023-0135
Nuangchalerm, P., El Islami, R. A. Z., & Prasertsang, P. (2022). Science Attitude on Environmental Conservation of Thai and Indonesian Novice Science Teacher Students. International Journal of STEM Education for Sustainability, 2(2), 148–155. https://doi.org/10.53889/ijses.v2i2.62
Otrachshenko, V., & Popova, O. (2026). Environment vs. economic growth: Do environmental preferences translate into support for Green parties? Ecological Economics, 239, 108779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108779
Ouyang, S., Zhang, W., Xu, J., Mat Rashid, A., How, S. P., & Bin Hassan, A. (2024). Unmasking the challenges in ideological and political education in China: A thematic review. Heliyon, 10(8), e29176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29176
Papp, Z. (2022). Environmental attitudes, environmental problems and party choice. A large-N comparative study. Political Geography, 97, 102652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102652
Polandos, L., Niode, B., & Lengkong, J. P. (2023). Peran Media Sosial dalam Partisipasi Politik Kaum Milenial: Studi Pada Pemilihan Gubernur Dan Wakil Gubernur Sulawesi Utara Tahun 2020 di Kecamatan, Langowan Selatan. POLITICO: Jurnal Ilmu Politik, 12(2), 153–169. https://doi.org/10.35797/jp.v12i2.47191
Polat, S. (2020). Multidimensional Analysis of the Teaching Process of the Critical Thinking Skills. Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 5(2), 134–157. https://doi.org/10.46303/ressat.05.02.8
Presidential Decree No. 16 of 1999 concerning the Establishment of the General Election Commission and the Determination of the Organization and Work Procedures of the General Secretariat of the General Election Commission, 12. Retrieved 21 July 2025, from http://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/55305/keppres-no-16-tahun-1999
Prusinski, E. (2024). What is political about a tree? Grappling with partisan divides in environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 30(9), 1460–1476. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2024.2330988
Putra, N. S., Sukma, H. N., & Setiawan, H. (2021). Level of Environmental Literacy of Students and School Community in Green Open Space: Is There any Difference between Both of Them? Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 10(4), 627–634. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v10i4.31083
Rahman, A., & Suharno, S. (2020). Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Politik Melalui Pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan untuk Meningkatkan Kesadaran Politik Siswa. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan, 4(2), 282. https://doi.org/10.17977/um019v4i2p282-290
Ruijer, E., Van Twist, A., Haaker, T., Tartarin, T., Schuurman, N., Melenhorst, M., & Meijer, A. (2023). Smart Governance Toolbox: A Systematic Literature Review. Smart Cities, 6(2), 878–896. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6020042
Sasa, T., Ahmad, W. A., Bahtiti, N. H., Abujaber, M., Adeyleh, A., & Miri, O. (2022). Assessment Level of Environmental Literacy among Applied Science Private University (ASU) students. Wseas Transactions On Environment And Development, 18, 1012–1020. https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2022.18.97
Sepúlveda Hernández, E. (2024). Socio-educational practices of community environmental educators from territories affected by socio-environmental conflicts and socio-natural disasters in Chile: Roles, ethics, and methodologies. The Journal of Environmental Education, 55(6), 446–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2024.2364179
Shange, H. S., Zogli, L.-K. J., & Bongani I. (2025). Green campus initiatives and strategies for sustainability in higher education. Transformation in Higher Education, 10. https://doi.org/10.4102/the.v10i0.364
Shen, L., Qian, J., & Chen, S. C. (2020). Effective Communication Strategies of Sustainable Hospitality: A Qualitative Exploration. Sustainability, 12(17), 6920. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176920
Singh, A. K., & Mishra, S. (2025). 'One Nation, One Election' in India: An analysis of costs, energy and sustainability. International Journal of Political Science and Governance, 7(9), 199–203. https://doi.org/10.33545/26646021.2025.v7.i9c.680
Sloman, P. (2020). Squeezed Out? The Liberal Democrats and the 2019 General Election. The Political Quarterly, 91(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.12816
Svensson, M. (2023). Chinese Youth and the Communist Party of China: Cultivating a Loyal Generation through Ideological and Political Education. China: An International Journal, 21(2), 72–91. https://doi.org/10.1353/chn.2023.a898342
Szczytko, R., Stevenson, K., Peterson, M. N., Nietfeld, J., & Strnad, R. L. (2019). Development and validation of the environmental literacy instrument for adolescents. Environmental Education Research, 25(2), 193–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2018.1487035
Thalib, A. S. (2024). Analisis Sistematik Praktik Pemilu Hijau Di Indonesia Untuk Pilkada Serentak Tahun 2024. Electoral Governance Jurnal Tata Kelola Pemilu Indonesia, 5(2), 138–158. https://doi.org/10.46874/tkp.v5i2.1212
Triana, Y., Khairina, E., & Iqbal Fadhlurrohman, M. (2023). Kajian Prinsip Demokrasi Dalam Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia. Jurnal Transformative, 9(1), 66–83. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.transformative.2023.009.01.4
Wahyuni, S., & Adnan, M. F. (2024). Pengaruh Media Sosial terhadap Partisipasi Politik Kaum Perempuan dalam Pemilihan Umum Presiden dan Wakil Presiden 2024 di Kab. Solok. Jurnal ISO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Humaniora, 4(2), 13. https://doi.org/10.53697/iso.v4i2.1927
Wang, R., Jia, T., Qi, R., Cheng, J., Zhang, K., Wang, E., & Wang, X. (2021). Differentiated Impact of Politics- and Science-Oriented Education on Pro-Environmental Behavior: A Case Study of Chinese University Students. Sustainability, 13(2), 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020616
Wardani, R. A. K., Karyanto, P., & Ramli, M. (2018). Analysis of high school students’ environmental literacy. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1022, 012057. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1022/1/012057
Willeck, C., & Mendelberg, T. (2022). Education and Political Participation. Annual Review of Political Science, 25(1), 89–110. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-014235
Yang, M., Wang, J., & Yasmin, F. (2021). Does Higher Business Education ChampionEnvironmental Sustainability for Next Generationof Leaders? An Assessment of In-School Studentsand Alumni’s Perspective. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 30(6), 5317–5332. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/135715
Zieger, M., & Scudder, N. (2025). Ethical and legal reflections on secondary research using genetic data acquired for criminal investigation purposes. Forensic Science International: Genetics, 75, 103178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103178
Zuiderwijk, A., Chen, Y.-C., & Salem, F. (2021). Implications of the use of artificial intelligence in public governance: A systematic literature review and a research agenda. Government Information Quarterly, 38(3), 101577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101577
Copyright (c) 2025 Entita: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
ENTITA: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial operates an Open Access policy under a Creative Commons Non-Commercial 4.0 International license. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The copyright of the received article once accepted for publication shall be assigned to the journal as the publisher with licensed under a
- Journal is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Journal is permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
- Here is Copyright Transfer Form that author can download and send to OJS during submission.
