Ideological Vaccination: Building Santri Resilience Against Digital Radicalism
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Keywords:
Ideological Vaccination, Inoculation Theory, Religious Moderation, Peer Mentoring, Cognitive ImmunityAbstract
The rapid infiltration of digital extremism poses an acute threat to Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), where social media algorithms, filter bubbles, and echo chambers frequently exploit adolescents' emotional vulnerabilities. Addressing the limitations of conventional digital literacy interventions that focus predominantly on technical-instrumental competencies, this study empirically investigates the efficacy of an "Ideological Vaccination" model grounded in McGuire’s Inoculation Theory and operationalized through a flipped peer-mentoring framework. Employing a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design, the intervention was structured around a Cascading Mentoring Model at Islamic Boarding School Padepokan Kyai Mudrikah Kembang Kuning (IBS PKMKK) Pamekasan, engaging three student researchers (Grade 10), 12 student mentors (Grades 8–10) as the primary treatment group, and 71 seventh-grade students as the impact group. Mentors were exposed asynchronously to "weakened doses" of extremist digital narratives, followed by synchronous, guided refutational pre-emption anchored in the core Islamic value of Tawasuth (moderation). Inferential statistical analysis using a paired-sample t-test revealed a statistically significant increase in mentors' cognitive immunity from 87.5% at pre-test to 98.3% at post-test (t(11) = -6.842, p = 0.0001, p < 0.05), alongside a Normalized Gain (N-Gain) score of 0.83, denoting high effectiveness. The most critical baseline vulnerability concerning exploitative online jihadist donation campaigns (S4) improved substantially from 66.7% to 91.6%. Qualitatively, this cognitive antibody manifested in 12 digital civility infographics created via Canva (average score 3.95/4.00) and 71 peace literacy essays composed by the impact group (average score 3.90/4.00). These findings confirm that integrating inoculation theory with flipped peer mentoring establishes an organic, self-sustaining cognitive defense mechanism, effectively transforming santri from passive consumers of cyber information into sovereign producers of moderate religious discourse.
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