Kiddo: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini

Teacher Ability in Digital Learning for Increasing Early Childhood Creativity

2025-08-19T14:13:49+07:00

The integration of technology into early childhood education has become a necessity in the Society 5.0 era, particularly to support the development of creativity through interactive and innovative approaches. This study aims to identify the level of kindergarten teachers’ understanding of digital learning as a means to foster creativity in children aged 4 to 6 years. A descriptive quantitative method was employed through a survey of 52 kindergarten teachers in the city of Lhokseumawe. Data were collected using online questionnaires and interviews, and analyzed using percentage-based techniques. The findings indicate that the majority of teachers lack understanding of digital learning (87%), are unfamiliar with the concept of constructive play (79%), and report the absence of digital learning guidebooks (85%). These results highlight an urgent need for comprehensive training in digital pedagogy and the development of technology-based educational play tools to enhance creativity in early childhood learners.

Stimulation of Children's Art Development: An Analysis of the Influence of Makeup Play Tools

2025-08-19T14:16:31+07:00

This study aims to determine whether there is a significant influence of makeup play tools on the development of children's fine arts at Griya Bina Widya Kindergarten, Griya Bina Widya Unri Housing Complex, Tuah Madani District, Pekanbaru City. This type of quantitative research uses the experimental method one group pretest posttest design. The subjects of the study were teachers and early childhood at Griya Bina Widya Kindergarten, the object of this study was the influence of makeup play tools on the development of fine arts of children aged 5-6 years. The population in this study were children of Griya Bina Widya Kindergarten. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, where the number of samples taken was 9 children. Data collection techniques were observation and documentation. Data analysis used SPSS Ver. 23 with Paired Samples t-test. The results of the study found the following findings: 1) Makeup play tools can be used as a learning medium; 2) Children are able to be more creative; 3) Children are able to explore; 4) Children are able to feel beauty; 5) Children are interested in playing; 6) Children are able to paint in various ways and objects; 7) Children are able to express artistic activities through imagination; 8) Children are able to draw in various forms. The results of the study showed that there was an increase in children's artistic development in Griya Bina Widya Kindergarten by 52.57% with a moderate category with a normalized formula. The results of the t statistical test have a sign value. 0.000 <0.05 with tcount - 42.090 <ttable - 1.79588. So the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted so that there is an influence of makeup play tools on children's artistic development in Griya Bina Widya Kindergarten.

Hypercontent Module: Integration of Islamic Values in Physical-Motor Learning for Early Childhood

2025-08-19T15:07:51+07:00

This study aims to develop teaching materials for the integration of Islamic values in early childhood physical motor learning based on hypercontent The subjects in this study are students of the Early Childhood Islamic Education (PIAUD) study programme at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. This research uses the development research (R&D) model of Dick and Carey. The feasibility of assessing the development of teaching materials for the integration of Islamic values in hypercontent-based early childhood physical motor learning is based on the assessment of PAUD material experts, Islamic Religious Education (PAI) material experts, learning design experts, and linguists. As well as for the openness test conducted on 15 PIAUD study programme students. Analysis using qualitative and quantitative data analysis, data collection using interview guidelines, observation of documentation, and questionnaires. The results showed that the development of teaching materials Integration of Islamic values in hypercontent-based early childhood physical motor learning through a series of trials and expert validation, is worthy of use in early childhood physical motor course activities. The readability test shows that this module is easily understood by PIAUD students.

Measuring the Impact of Certification on Kindergarten Teacher Performance: An Empirical Comparative Study

2025-08-20T14:27:13+07:00

The performance of Kindergarten teachers is not optimal and the ownership of certification is not evenly distributed in Bukit Sundi Subdistrict. The purpose of this research is to: (1) describe the performance of certified and non-certified teachers, and (2) analyze the performance differences between the two. The research uses a mixed-method approach with a sequential exploratory design. Data analysis techniques include instrument testing, descriptive analysis, classical assumption testing, and hypothesis testing. The research population consists of all kindergarten teachers in the Bukit Sundi District, with the sample determined through simple random sampling using the Slovin formula. The data collection instruments include questionnaires, observations, and documentation. The results show that the performance of certified teachers falls into the very good category (86.7%), while non-certified teachers only reach 39.9%. Hypothesis testing indicates a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that certification has a significant impact on improving the performance of kindergarten teachers. This study recommends the need for enhanced training and certification programs to support the quality of early childhood education.

Improving Children's Vocabulary Through E-Comic Media: A Development in Early Childhood Education

2025-08-20T15:38:43+07:00

Conventional learning results in low mastery of early childhood skills, so the use of digital media is necessary in the learning process. This research aims to develop and test the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of digital-based learning media in the form of e-comics at Kindergarten. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Validation was conducted by three experts, and the trial subjects were students at Pembina II State Kindergarten, Batam City. Data collection was conducted through validation, practicality, and effectiveness questionnaires, and then analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The research results indicate that the developed e-comic media is highly suitable for use, with validation results from subject matter experts at 100%, language experts at 90.4%, and media experts at 90%. The response from educators and students towards this media is also very positive. The practicality test obtained a percentage of 88.6% (very practical category), while the effectiveness test showed a figure of 88.75% (very effective category). Thus, the developed e-comic has proven to be valid, practical, and effective in enhancing the vocabulary of early childhood children and is suitable for use as a learning medium in kindergartens.

The Effect of Problem Based learning Model on Childhood Problem Solving Skills

2025-08-26T19:48:36+07:00

Problem-solving ability is an important skill in early childhood development. If the ability to solve problems is not fulfilled, children will find it difficult to live their daily lives and tend to blame others. The problem-based learning model uses problems as the basis for starting learning activities. This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of problem-based learning models on the problem-solving ability of children aged 5-6 years. The research was conducted at Gondangrejo Karanganyar. The approach used in this research is quantitative with the type of research Quasi experiment, using One group pretest-posttest design, which is research carried out by giving a pretest first before treatment and giving a posttest after treatment. The research subjects consisted of 27 children aged 5-6 years. Instrument validity test using expert judgment. Data were collected using test and observation techniques. Data analysis was carried out by normality test and hypothesis test using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Wilcoxon Test found in SPSS Version 23 for Windows application with normality test significance level >0.05 and hypothesis test significance level <0.05. The results of the hypothesis test in this study showed a value of 0.000, so it can be concluded that the problem-based learning model has an effect on the problem solving ability of children aged 5-6 years. The problem-based learning model has a positive influence on the problem-solving ability of children aged 5-6 years

The Tradition of Eating bajamba in Stimulating Early Childhood Social Emotional Development

2025-08-26T22:49:30+07:00

Children's social emotional development that needs to be stimulated by emphasizing aspects of 3 things, namely self-awareness, responsibility and prosocial behavior. This can be stimulated through the traditional activities of eating bajamba which is a tradition of the Minangkabau people through eating together around the talam (dulang) by sitting cross-legged for men and kneeling for women. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the traditional activities of eating bajamba in stimulating aspects of early childhood social emotional development. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques use interviews, observation and documentation, while data analysis techniques go through a process of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. This study found that through the tradition of eating bajamba, children's social emotional development in terms of self-awareness, responsibility and prosocial behavior can be stimulated properly. Seen in the observation results, the majority of children in the aspect of self-awareness achieved 80% stimulation, 70% in the aspect of responsibility, and 75% in the aspect of prosocial behavior. Each of these indicator achievements is obtained through bajamba eating activities from the beginning to the end of the activity. In addition, this program helps children appreciate culture more, and build more harmonious relationships with friends and family.

Learning Media Innovation: Development of Kompang Music Game to Enhance Local Cultural Knowledge in Early Childhood

2025-09-10T12:03:02+07:00

This study aims to develop a traditional kompang music game model as a learning medium to enhance early childhood knowledge of local cultural arts at TK Ishlahul Ummah. This research addresses the gap in the availability of local culture-based learning media, which remain limited in early childhood education, despite their importance in supporting cultural identity and meaningful learning. Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE model, the study identified children’s learning needs (Analysis), designed and developed the kompang game validated by experts (Design and Development, 4.9 very feasible), implemented the game with 40 children (Implementation), and evaluated its effectiveness (Evaluation). The effectiveness test, measured through pretest and posttest using a Paired Samples T-Test, showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) with a 30% improvement in children’s knowledge of local culture. The evaluation results also demonstrated that the media was well-received by teachers and learners, highlighting its practicality in classroom use. This study contributes theoretically by expanding the literature on local culture-based learning media in early childhood education and practically by providing an effective, enjoyable, and contextual alternative that can be integrated into early childhood curricula in various educational institutions.

Public Speaking Training Strategies for Enhancing the Self-Confidence of Young Children

2025-08-26T20:18:22+07:00

This research aims to identify strategies for public speaking training in early childhood through the roles of parents, teachers, and the PAUD environment. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews with parents and teachers, supported by activity documentation. The results of the study show that a supportive parenting style, active parental involvement in accompanying children, and good communication between home and school are important factors in building children's self-confidence. Strategi guru yang menekankan pada proses dan memberi ruang bagi anak untuk tampil sebisanya tanpa tekanan turut menciptakan suasana belajar yang aman dan menyenangkan. Activities in early childhood education (PAUD) such as storytelling, picture reading, and sharing experiences become the main means of developing children's speaking skills. Selain itu, media komunikasi seperti WhatsApp dan buku penghubung digunakan secara efektif untuk menyelaraskan peran guru dan orang tua. This research concludes that public speaking training for early childhood runs optimally when supported by strong synergy between families and educational institutions with a contextual and sustainable approach.

Analysis of Science Activities at the Early Childhood Level: A Case Study of Teachers' Topics and Challenges in Bandung City and Bandung Regency

2025-08-27T15:25:23+07:00

Science learning in Early Childhood Education (ECE) serves as a crucial foundation for developing children’s critical thinking skills and curiosity. However, its implementation often encounters challenges related to topic selection, teaching methods, and limited resources. This study aims to analyze the science activities being taught, the learning resources used, and the challenges faced by ECE teachers in Bandung City and Bandung Regency. Using a multi-case study approach, the research involved classroom observations and in-depth interviews conducted in 17 ECE institutions, with data analyzed thematically. Findings indicate that the most commonly taught science topics are colors and water, delivered through simple experiments using physical materials. In contrast, complex concepts such as human anatomy and engineering are rarely addressed due to teachers' limited understanding and the lack of instructional media. Key challenges include low levels of teacher scientific literacy, inadequate facilities, and the developmental characteristics of young learners that require adaptive approaches. These findings highlight the need for practice-based teacher training, the development of innovative learning media, and multi-stakeholder collaboration to support effective science instruction. This study offers practical contributions for educators, policymakers, and researchers in designing higher-quality and more sustainable science learning strategies for early childhood education.

Holistic Learning through Qurʾānic-Integrated STEM: Innovations in Early Childhood Pedagogy

2025-08-26T22:53:36+07:00

This study offers a critical investigation into the epistemic and developmental implications of Qurʾānic-integrated STEM pedagogy within holistic early childhood education, as enacted in Indonesian Muslim community-based institutions. Confronting the persistent lacuna between secular STEM initiatives and culturally embedded educational imperatives, the research pursues a nuanced empirical exploration of how educators operationalize Islamic ethical and ontological constructs-rooted in Qurʾānic revelation and Islamic philosophical tradition-within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics curricula. Utilizing a qualitative phenomenological framework, the study sampled thirty-five female educators across institutional variations, employing semi-structured interviews, systematic document analysis, and non-participant classroom observations to triangulate data. Thematic analysis, conducted through iterative coding, elucidated five advanced pedagogical strategies: ritual epistemic framing, scriptural exegesis within scientific dialogue, inquiry-driven didactics, adab-infused socialization, and contemplative synthesis, each representing a locus for epistemological integration between empirical inquiry and spiritual cultivation. Empirical mapping of seven STEM activities revealed intentional alignment with Qurʾānic virtues-syukur (gratitude), amanah (accountability), khalifah (stewardship)-demonstrating their transformative agency across cognitive, psychomotor, spiritual-moral, socio-emotional, and environmental domains of child development. Synthesis of observational and participant narratives substantiated salient advances in learners’ scientific reasoning, metacognitive self-awareness, spiritual affectivity, communal solidarity, and environmental stewardship. These findings decisively extend the scholarly discourse by evidencing that Qurʾānic-integrated STEM environments do not merely impart scientific literacy, but foster learners marked by profound ethical orientation and ecological consciousness.

The Implementation of Digital Transformational in Early Childhood Education

2025-08-26T23:19:21+07:00

Digital transformation in early childhood education (ECE) requires not only technological adoption but also managerial and pedagogical adjustments. However, empirical studies in Indonesia, particularly in Islamic kindergarten contexts, remain limited. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys of 100 teachers with qualitative interviews involving 10 principals, 20 teachers, 5 staff, and 15 parents, as well as classroom observations. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were applied, supported by triangulation. The findings show that digital transformation improved teacher creativity by 23%, student engagement by 19%, and parental collaboration by 21% compared to baseline conditions. Leadership emerged as a crucial factor in motivating teachers and aligning digital practices with school values. However, challenges persist, including limited infrastructure, unstable internet, and gaps in teachers’ digital competencies. Digital evaluation and monitoring obtained the lowest mean score (3.92, SD = 0.80), indicating the need for stronger assessment systems. This study confirms that digital leadership plays a central role in sustaining technology integration in ECE. Practical implications include continuous teacher training, investment in digital infrastructure, and the development of participatory evaluation systems. This study contributes to the literature by providing evidence from an Islamic kindergarten context, highlighting the managerial aspects of digital transformation in ECE.

Stimulasi Keterampilan Sensorik pada Anak Usia Dini Melalui Media 3 Dimensi Diorama Tentang Kisah Nabi Ibrahim AS

2025-08-26T23:23:14+07:00

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan sensorik anak di PAUD Harapan Bangsa melalui penggunaan media diorama tiga dimensi yang menggambarkan kisah Nabi Ibrahim AS. Dalam meningkatkan keterampilan sensorik anak media diorama dipilih karena dapat mengintegrasikan pengalaman visual, kinestetik, dan taktil untuk memberikan stimulasi anak yang ideal. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metode kualitatif yang melibatkan observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara melalui sejumlah sumber yang relevan. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwasanya diorama tiga dimensi tidak hanya meningkatkan kemampuan sensorik anak, seperti pengamatan visual dan interaksi fisik, tetapi juga meningkatkan pemahaman mereka tentang nilai-nilai moral dan religius. Selain itu, terbukti bahwa media diorama ini berfungsi dengan baik untuk membuat lingkungan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan, interaktif, serta mempunyai makna. Subjek penelitian adalah anak-anak usia dini yang berada pada lembaga pendidikan anak pada rentang usia 2-4 tahun. Anak-anak melihat, menyentuh, dan mendengar kisah tentang Nabi Ibrahim AS selama proses pelaksanaan. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwasanya media diorama secara signifikan meningkatkan partisipasi anak dalam pelajaran. Anak-anak tampaknya lebih terlibat dan aktif berinteraksi dengan komponen diorama. Stimulasi sensorik, seperti sentuhan pada objek tiga dimensi, pengamatan warna, dan mendengarkan narasi, juga dapat membantu mereka mengingat lebih baik kisah yang diceritakan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa diorama dari kisah Nabi Ibrahim dapat membantu anak-anak meningkatkan keterampilan sensorik mereka sambil memperkenalkan nilai-nilai keagamaan secara kreatif dan menyenangkan. Media ini dapat menjadi inovasi dalam pendidikan anak usia dini, terutama dalam pendidikan berbasis nilai maupun cerita.

Hubungan Keterlibatan Ayah dalam Pengasuhan Terhadap Kemampuan Kognitif Anak

2025-08-26T23:25:07+07:00

Perkembangan kognitif anak usia dini merupakan fondasi penting dalam pembentukan kemampuan berpikir, pemecahan masalah, dan kesiapan belajar di jenjang selanjutnya. Meskipun peran ibu sering menjadi pusat perhatian dalam pengasuhan, keterlibatan ayah justru sering terabaikan. Padahal, studi terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi ayah memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap aspek kognitif, emosional, dan sosial anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan dengan kemampuan kognitif anak di Kelompok B TK Negeri Pembina Melati Tondo. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif korelasional dengan teknik purposive sampling, melibatkan 20 anak usia 5–6 tahun sebagai sampel. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi perkembangan kognitif, angket kepada ayah, serta wawancara dengan guru. Hasil uji korelasi Pearson menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang sangat kuat dan signifikan antara keterlibatan ayah dan kemampuan kognitif anak (r = 0,833; p = 0,000). Aspek keterlibatan ayah yang mencakup kedekatan emosional, pengawasan, kesabaran, dan aktivitas spiritual terbukti mendukung perkembangan kemampuan anak dalam menyusun huruf, mencocokkan bilangan, dan mengklasifikasi warna. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan sebagai faktor strategis dalam mengoptimalkan perkembangan kognitif anak usia dini.

Analisis Dimensi Beban Kerja Guru PAUD di Kota Pangkalpinang: Tantangan dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini

2025-08-26T23:27:07+07:00

Beban kerja guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) merupakan isu penting dalam proses pendidikan karena tingginya tuntutan tugas yang harus di penuhi berpotensi mempengaruhi kualitas pembelajaran dan kesejahteraan guru, terutama jika tidak diimbangi dengan dukungan yang memadai. Kondisi ini semakin relevan di wilayah dengan karakteristik sosial-geografis yang khas, seperti Kota Pangkalpinang, di mana penelitian terdahulu belum banyak memetakan beban kerja berdasarkan dimensi kuantitatif yang spesifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat beban kerja guru PAUD melalui empat indikator utama, yaitu tugas pokok, tugas tambahan, waktu yang tersedia, dan target yang harus dicapai, untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kondisi tersebut mempengaruhi kinerja dan kesejahteraan guru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik total sampling terhadap 52 guru PAUD di Kecamatan Bukit Intan, Kota Pangkalpinang. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan angket yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya, kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beban kerja guru PAUD berada pada kategori tinggi (76%–100%) untuk indikator tugas pokok (95,4%) dan target yang harus dicapai (78,3%), sedangkan indikator tugas tambahan (72,8%) dan waktu yang tersedia (70,4%) berada pada kategori cukup tinggi (56%–75%). Temuan ini mengindikasikan komitmen tinggi guru dalam menjalankan peran utama, meskipun masih menghadapi tekanan dari tugas tambahan dan keterbatasan waktu. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya distribusi tugas yang proporsional serta dukungan kelembagaan untuk mencegah penurunan kualitas pembelajaran dan menjaga kesejahteraan guru.

Digital Parenting: Strategi untuk Mencegah Kecenderungan Narsistik pada Anak Usia Dini

2025-08-28T14:09:06+07:00

Parenting as a strategy to minimize narcissistic tendencies in young children due to exposure to digital technology is becoming an increasingly relevant topic in today's era. Using a literature review method, this study analyzes data from various academic literature published in recent years through several scientific reference sources such as Google Scholar and Scopus. Digital parenting is defined as the form of supervision, restriction, and guidance provided by parents in directing their children's digital activities. Narcissistic tendencies in children are often triggered by excessive use of gadgets or internet access, which can disrupt their psychological and social development.

The results of analyses from various sources indicate that uncontrolled digital exposure has the potential to increase excessive social validation-seeking behavior, reduce empathy, and affect children's academic performance. Conversely, the implementation of digital parenting strategies such as active control, content monitoring, limiting device usage time, and direct supervision can mitigate these risks. This study also found that a balance between digital activities and real-world interactions, combined with creative and purposeful parenting patterns, is a key factor in preventing narcissistic behavior from an early age.

In conclusion, consistent and collaborative digital parenting between parents and educators plays a crucial role in supporting children's healthy psychological, social, and academic development amid the rapid advancement of digital technology.

Upaya Meningkatkan Perkembangan Agama dan Moral dalam Kegiatan Solat Dhuha Berjemaah

2025-08-28T15:28:59+07:00

Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan perkembangan agama dan moral anak usia 5–6 tahun melalui kegiatan salat Dhuha berjemaah dengan pendekatan kreatif di TK Usman Al Farsy. Metode yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus pada 22 anak. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif berdasarkan aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pada aspek kognitif (55% menjadi 82%), afektif (64% menjadi 91%), dan psikomotorik (68% menjadi 77%) setelah pelaksanaan kegiatan salat Dhuha berjemaah secara rutin dan kreatif. Dengan demikian, kegiatan ini terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan perkembangan agama dan moral anak usia dini, khususnya pada ketiga aspek tersebut di TK Usman Al Farsy.

Praktik Pembelajaran Berorientasi Green Behavior Bagi Anak Usia Dini: Studi Pada Guru TK/RA

2025-08-30T21:35:52+07:00

This study investigates the green behavior-based teaching practices implemented by Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers in Binuang District, South Kalimantan, after participating in a 20-day (40-hour) training program organized by the Early Childhood Education Department of the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training at the State Islamic University of Antasari. The training covered topics such as the Merdeka Curriculum, active learning models, and lesson designs that support green behavior. The research method used is a case study with semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and analysis of teaching materials. The results show that the ECE teachers have successfully integrated sustainability values into daily learning activities for children. Through practical learning experiences such as waste sorting, tree planting, and recycling, children develop a sense of responsibility toward their environment. The teachers have applied the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) and emphasized the important role of parental support in shaping environmentally friendly behavior in children. However, challenges in maintaining consistent sustainability practices were noted, particularly due to the lack of practical guidelines for teachers and high administrative burdens. Additionally, economic barriers faced by parents limit the full implementation of sustainability practices at home. These findings highlight the importance of teacher commitment, community involvement, and parental support in promoting environmental sustainability through early childhood education.

Strategi Intervensi Dini Orang Tua untuk Anak Usia 3-4 Tahun dengan Keterlambatan Bicara (Speech Delay)

2025-08-31T10:57:52+07:00

Parents still rarely observe about speech delays in children because they assume that children will talk as they get older. However, if the child has already experienced a speech delay, this study can help a little to find out the treatment carried out by therapists for children with speech delays and provide advice to parents about things that can be done for children with speech delays at home. The data obtained in this study were obtained using a case study with a qualitative approach, which was conducted on four early childhood therapists at SLB River Kids and directly observed how the therapists handled children with speech delays. The results of this study are several treatments by parents at home: 1) involving children in every parent activity 2) clear and slow verbal pronunciation by parents 3) filling in fun activities such as reading books together, singing and playing 4) always having two-way communication with children 5) documenting every development and difficulty of the child to be consulted with the therapist 6) being wise and minimizing the provision of screen time. So that in the future parents are expected to involve their children in every simple activity and communicate using verbal language in two directions.