Functional Arabic Syntax Theory in Action: Developing Materials for Islamic Universities

Wahyuddin Wahyuddin; Zulfa  Jamalie; Muhammad Nadir

doi:10.19105/karsa.v33i2.21026

Wahyuddin Wahyuddin Fakultas Syariah, Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin Banjarmasin
Zulfa Jamalie Fakultas Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin, Banjarmasin
Muhammad Nadir Western Sydney University, Sydney NSW

https://doi.org/10.19105/karsa.v33i2.21026

Abstract views: 66 ,

PDF downloads: 34

Keywords: Arabic syntax, functional grammar, instructional materials development, non-Arabic majors, Islamic universities

Abstract

The Antasari State Islamic University Sharia Faculty encounters several obstacles in teaching Arabic due to the theoretical syntax textbooks that are irrelevant to students' needs. These books contain difficult examples, complex grammatical rules, and elaborate and complicated syntactic parsing (i‘rāb). This study seeks to create functional syntax theory instructional materials. Evaluate the feasibility of these materials. Assess the effectiveness of the materials in the academic performance of the learners. The approach employed is Research and Development (R&D) using a modified Borg & Gall model. Data was collected using observation, interviews, questionnaires, tests, and documentation. Data was analysed qualitatively using the Miles and Huberman technique, and quantitatively through t-test analysis using SPSS. Based on the findings, the developed grammar materials have considered the simplification of the elements of iʿrāb: mawqiʿ, iʿrāb, ḥukm iʿrāb, and ʿalāmat al-iʿrāb: Table, which enhances understanding; An inductive approach was also employed alongside the theory of syntactic function, which stipulates that 'the endings of the words are modified because of their position and function in the sentence, not because of ʿāmil. The syntax instructional materials developed in this study received excellent evaluations from Arabic language experts and instructional design specialists. Additionally, Arabic syntax experts and students from non-Arabic studies programs in the Faculty of Sharia also provided very positive evaluations. All research participants agreed that the instructional materials are suitable for syntax teaching. The results of the T-test indicate a significant difference between the pre-test scores prior to using the developed syntax instructional materials and the post-test scores after the students had utilized these materials. This is evidenced by a significance value of 0.000, which is smaller than the alpha value of 0.050. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of the developed nahwu instructional materials is effective in improving the academic performance of students from Sharia faculty members who are not in Arabic study programs.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdalla, Mohamed Ahmed, and Erfan Abdeldaim. “A Model for Teaching Arabic Grammar in Light of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.” Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning 7, no. 3 (October 2024): 1030–50. https://doi.org/10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i3.27825

ʿAbbās, Ibrāhīm Khalīl. “al-Taʿallum al-Waẓīfī li-al-Lughah: Al-Naḥw al-Waẓīfī Inmuḏajan,.” Majallat Jāmiʿat Bābil li-al-ʿUlūm al-Insāniyyah 28, no. 6 (2020).

Abū al-Fatḥ. ʿUthmān Ibn Jinnī, al-Khaṣāʾiṣ, Muḥaqqiq: Muḥammad ʿAlī al-Najjār. Al-Maktabah al-ʿIlmiyyah, dūn Sanah.

Aḥmad Ḥassānī. “Al-Niẓām al-Naḥwī al-ʿArabī Bayna al-Khiṭāb al-Falsafī Wa-al-Khiṭāb al-Taʿlīmī, Baḥth Manshūr fī Kitāb Aʿmāl Nadwat Taysīr al-Naḥw.” (al-Jazāʾir), manshūrāt al-Majlis al-Aʿlā li-al-Lughah al-ʿArabiyyah, 2021.

Al-Juwayd, Ṣafāʾ ʿAlī Ṣāliḥ, and Aḥmad Ḥassān Ghālib, Ṣafāʾ ʿAlī Ṣāliḥ al-Juwayd. “Faʿāliyyat Barnāmaj Maḥūsab fī Tanmiyat Mahārāt al-Naḥw al-Waẓīfī ladā Ṭullāb al-Marḥalah al-Thanawiyyah bi-Amānat al-ʿĀṣimah Ṣanʿāʾ.” Majallat Jāmiʿat Ṣanʿāʾ li-al-ʿUlūm al-Insāniyyah 2, no. 2 (2023).

Al-Munʿim, Khālid ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm ʿAbd. “Al-Tadrīs al-Lughah al-ʿArabiyyah Bi-Istrātījiyyat al-Takhayyul al-Muwajjah li-Tanmiyat Mahārāt al-Naḥw al-Waẓīfī wa-al-Adāʾ al-Kitābī al-Lāzimah li-Ṭullāb al-Shahādah al-Duwaliyyah al-ʿāmmah li-al-Taʿlīm al-Thanawī (IGCSE) fī Ḍawʾ al-Maʿāyīr al-Duwaliyyah.” Majallat Al-Baḥṯ fī al-Tarbiyyah Wa-ʿIlm al-Nafsmujallad 3, no. 37 (2002).

Al-Wāḥid, Nādirah Sayyid ʿAbd. “Al-Shiʿār al-Siyāsī fī Ḍawʾ al-Naḥw al-Waẓīfī mā Baʿd al-Miʿyā.” Majallat Kulliyyat Al-Ādāb li al-Lisāniyyāt wa al-Ṯaqāfah al-Muqāranah 12, no. 2 (2020).

Ardiansyah, Ade Arip, Izzuddin Musthafa, Isop Syafei, and Siti Sanah. “Streamlining Arabic Grammar to Facilitate Mastery of Qirâ’at al-Kutub for University Students.” Arabiyat: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban 11, no. 2 (2025): 221–33. https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v11i2.42517.

Asmahān Mīzān. “Al-Manẓūr al-Waẓīfī li-al-Jumlah wa-Anmāṭuhā fī al-Naḥw al-Waẓīfī,.” Majallat Ex Professo 8, no. 1 (2023).

ʿAynīn, Muḥ. Metodologi Penelitian Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab (Teori dan Praktik). Cet. II. Surabaya: Bintang Sejahtera, 2014.

Aziz, Annas Nur, Subiyanto Subiyanto, and Muhammad Harlanu. “Effects of the Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) on Students Academic Performance in Arabic Learning at Sambas Purbalingga.” KARSA: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture 26, no. 1 (2018): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.19105/karsa.v26i1.1518.

Fāḍil, Surā Muʾayyad, and Ḥasan Khalbāṣ al-Zāmlī. “Athar Naẓariyyat al-Naḥw al-Waẓīfī wa-Dawruhā fī al-Lughah al-ʿArabiyyah.” Majallat Buḥūth Al-Sharq al-Awsa 25 (2019).

Bumela, Lala. “Responding and Analysing: Stages of Teaching Functional Grammar in Indonesian Context.” Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 4, no. 1 (2014): 70–86. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v4i1.601.

Hiktar Hāmarliy. Al-Naẓariyyah al-Takāmuliyyah fī Tadrīs al-Lughāt Wa-Natāʾijuhā al-ʿIlmiyyah, Taʿrīb. Maṭbaʿat Safīr, 1415H.

Hilbush, Jirhārd. Tārīkh ʿIlm al-Lughah al-Ḥadīth, Tarjamah: Saʿīd Ḥasan Baḥīrī. Maktabat Zahraʾ al-Sharq, 203 AD.

Ibn Khaldūn. Al-Muqaddimah. Dūn ʿalāmah, n.d.

Ibrāhīm, ʿAbd al-ʿAlīm. Al-Naḥw al-Waẓīfī. Dār al-Maʿārif, 1969.

Ibrāhīm, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Ibn. Al-Naẓariyyāt al-Lughawiyyah wa al-Nafsiyyah Wa-Taʿallum al-Lughah al-ʿArabiyyah. Jāmiʿat al-Imām Muḥammad Ibn Saʿūd al-Islāmiyyah, 1999.

Ibrāhīm, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Ibn. ʿIlm Al-Lughah al-Nafsī. Jāmiʿat al-Imām Muḥammad Ibn Saʿūd al-Islāmiyyah, 2006.

Ishak, Dina Mustika, Imam Asrori, and Nurhidayati Nurhidayati. “Development of E-Book for Learning Arabic Reading Skills Based on a Genre Based Approach for Senior High School Students.” Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning 8, no. 1 (2025): 394–408. https://doi.org/10.18860/ijazarabi.v8i1.29593.

Kasim, Amrah, Kamaluddin Abu Nawas, Saidna Zulfiqar bin Tahir, Yusriadi Yusriadi, and Asma Gheisari. “Bugis and Arabic Morphology: A Contrastive Analysis.” Education Research International 2022 (April 2022): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/ 2022/9031458.

Khadījah Mirāt. “Al-Jumlah al-Rābiṭiyyah fī al-Naḥw al-Waẓīfī: Mafhūmuhā wa-Khaṣāʾiṣuhā.” Majallat Al-Ādāb Wa-al-ʿUlūm al-Ijtimāʿiyyah 16, no. 3 (2018).

Khamzah Qadīrī. “Taʿlīmiyyat Al-Naḥw al-Waẓīfī fī al-Madrasah al-Jazāʾiriyyah: Al-Wāqiʿ wa-al-Maʾmūl –al-Ṭawr al-Mutawassiṭ Namūdhajan.” Jāmiʿat Ibn Khaldūn Tiyārat, 2016.

Latīf, Muḥammad ʿAdnān. Tanya Jawab Metode Penelitian Pembelajaran Bahasa. Cet. III. Malang: UM Press, 2014.

Makoe, Mpine, and Thulile Shandu. “Developing a Mobile App for Learning English Vocabulary in an Open Distance Learning Context.” The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 19, no. 4 (2018): 108–221. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v19i4.3746.

Mamat, Arifin, and Kazeem Oluwatoyin Ajape. “Students’ Motivation and Attitude towards the Learning of Arabic Language: A Case Study of Arabic Students in Nigerian Universities.” IIUM Journal of Educational Studies 3, no. 1 (2015): 51–69. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijes.v3i1.59.

Mufqī, ʿĪsā. “Dirāsat al-Muḥāwalāt al-Taysīriyyah fī al-Naḥw al-ʿArabī ʿInda al-Muḥdithīn.” Majallat Al-Lughah al-ʿArabiyyah Wa-Ādābihā 11, no. 6 (2011).

Mustapha, Nik Hanan, Nik Farhan Mustapha, Nadwah Daud, and Mahmud Abd Wahab. Arabic Language Efficacy Questionnaire (ALEQ): Assessing Self-Efficacy and Achievement. 13 (2013).

Nur Azizah, Fina, and Afif Kholisun Nashoih. “Development of Functional Arabic Grammar (Nahwu) Textbooks Based on Local Wisdom for Arabic Language Students.” Arabiyatuna: Jurnal Bahasa Arab 8, no. 2 (2024): 703–30. https://doi.org/ 10.29240/jba.v8i2.10252.

Nurbayan, Yayan. “Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Balaghah Berbasis Pendekatan Adâbî.” KARSA Journal of Social and Islamic Culture 22, no. 1 (2014): 137–49. https://doi.org/10.19105/ karsa.v22i1.552.

Panggabean, Christina I T. “Functional Grammar.” Functional Grammar, 2011.

Riwanda, Agus, Muhammad Ridha, and M. Irfan Islamy. “Empowering Asynchronous Arabic Language Learning Through PDF Hyperlink Media.” The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 25, no. 1 (2024): 66–88. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v25i1.7425.

Romadhon, Muh. Syahri, Moh Khasairi, and Achmad Tohe. “Android-Based Media Development for Memorizing Arabic Verbal Conjugation and Its Functional Meaning.” Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning 7, no. 2 (2024): 697–706. https://doi.org/ 10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i2.26713.

Rosyad, Muh Sabilar, Faishol Mahmoud Adam, and Uril Bahruddin. “The Natural Situation and Its Effective Role in Designing Arabic Listening Skills Teaching Materials for Non-Native Speakers.” Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning 6, no. 3 (October 2023): 586–604. https://doi.org/10.18860/ijazarabi. v6i3.19531

Ṭohri, Muhammad, and Muhammad Imanuddin. “Tadrīs Al-Naḥwi bi al-Madkhal al-Waẓīfī fī al-Madrasah al-ʿĀliyah Maʿhad Nūr al-Ḥaramayn Nahḍatul Waṭan li-al-Banīn Nārādamā Lombok al-Gharbiyyah.” Jurnal Al-Afkar: Journal for Islamic Studies 7, no. 4 (2024): 1817–1839. https://doi.org/10.31943/afkarjournal. v7i4.1178.

Sakka, Abdullah, Ibnu Rawandhy N. Hula, Hirsan Una, Sriwahyuningsih Saleh, Chaterina Putri Doni, and Yousif Abdelmannan Mohamed Godat Arrashe. “Development of Interactive Learning Media Using Teachmint to Improve Arabic Speaking Proficiency.” Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning 7, no. 3 (October 2024): 955–73. https://doi.org/10.18860/ ijazarabi.v7i3.28564.

Ṣārim, Muḥammad. “Tajdīd Al-Naḥw: Mawsaʿah Aw Ḍarūrah? Baḥth Manshūr Fī Aʿmāl Nadwat Tajdīd al-Naḥw.” Manshūrāt Al-Majlis al-Aʿlā Li-al-Lughah al-ʿArabiyyah (al-Jazāʾir), 201 AD.

Sayyid, Muḥammad Sayyid Ṣāliḥ. “Athar Al-Naḥw al-Waẓīfī Fī Tadrīs al-Lughah al-ʿArabiyyah Li-Ghayr al-Nāṭiqīn Bihā.” Majallat Kulliyyat Al-Ādāb Jāmiʿat al-Fayyūm (al-Lisāniyyāt Wa-al-Ṯaqāfāt al-Muqāranah) 2, no. 13 (2021).

Wahyuddin. “Iʿdād Kitāb Al-Naḥw al-Taʿlīmī ʿalā Ḍawʾ Tajdīd al-Naḥw ʿinda Shawqī Ḍayf Li-Ṭullab Jāmiʿat Bālūfū al-Islāmiyyah al-Ḥukūmiyyah Bi-Sulāwisī al-Janūbiyyah.” Arabiyat: Taʿlīm al-Lughah al-ʿArabiyyah Wa-al-Dirāsāt al-ʿArabiyyah 7, no. 1 (2020).

Wahyuddin, and M. Abdul Hamid. “Muḥāwalāt Šawqī Ḍayf at-Tajdīdiyyah fī Taysīr an-Naḥw at-Taʿlīmī.” Jurnal Adabiyah The Journal of Humanities and Islamic Studies 21, no. 1 (2021): 129–160. https://doi.org/10.24252/jad.v21i1a7.

Wekke, Ismail Suardi. “Tradisi Pesantren dalam Konstruksi Kurikulum Bahasa Arab di Lembaga Pendidikan Minoritas Muslim Papua Barat.” KARSA Journal of Social and Islamic Culture 22, no. 1 (2014): 20–38. https://doi.org/10.19105/karsa.v22i1.549.

Yoyo, Yoyo, and Abdul Mukhlis. “Historiography of the Arabic Grammar in Europe: The Legacy of Wright’s Arabic Grammar.” Paper presented at Proceedings of the First International Conference on Progressive Civil Society (ICONPROCS 2019), Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Progressive Civil Society (ICONPROCS 2019), Atlantis Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.2991/iconprocs-19.2019.45.