A Spiritual-Transformative Christian Religious Education Learning Model for Preventing Adolescent Moral Decadence in the Digital Era: A Conceptual Construction
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Christian religious education, digital adolescents, moral decadence, theological demarcation, transformative spiritualityAbstract
Adolescent moral decadence in the digital era, marked by weakening ethical sensitivity, eroding empathy, and permissiveness toward harmful content, demands a Christian Religious Education (CRE) response that moves beyond cognitive and normative approaches. Dominant CRE practices often stop at knowledge transfer and external prohibition, insufficiently addressing the inner transformation that is essential to moral resilience in unsupervised digital spaces. This article aims to construct a spiritual transformative CRE learning model to prevent moral decadence among adolescents in the digital era while establishing a clear theological demarcation in appropriating cross disciplinary insights. The study employs an integrative literature review of 27 selected sources analyzed thematically. The resulting model comprises five cyclical learning phases: self-awareness, encounter with God, value internalization, behavioral transformation, and reflection and accountability, grounded in orthodox Christian spirituality within the Reformed tradition. The article’s principal contribution lies in establishing a theological demarcation that clearly distinguishes elements adopted from and rejected in transpersonal psychology, enabling CRE to engage critically with secular disciplines without lapsing into syncretism. The model offers a framework for moral formation from within that is relevant to the context of Indonesian adolescents in the digital era.
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