Korupsi dalam Perspektif Teori Institusional: Antara Legitimasi Formal dan Disfungsi Struktural


Abstract
Korupsi merupakan salah satu persoalan utama yang menghambat tata kelola pemerintahan yang bersih dan berintegritas. Masyarakat Indonesia semakin sadar dalam menilai, memberikan saran melalui aspirasi mereka kepada pemerintah. Tetapi pada kenyataannya korupsi masih sangat massif terjadi dan tindakan yang dilakukan sudah merugikan negara, kepastian hukum bagi pelanggar korupsi tidak menimbulkan efek jera, hal ini bertentang dengan makna dari hukum itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik korupsi dalam kerangka teori institusional, dengan menyoroti bagaimana struktur formal organisasi pemerintahan sering kali hanya berfungsi secara simbolik tanpa menginternalisasi nilai-nilai integritas secara substantif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dengan studi literatur dan analisis regulasi anti-korupsi di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa korupsi tetap bertahan karena adanya legitimasi formal yang dibangun secara seremonial melalui regulasi dan kebijakan, namun tidak diimbangi oleh komitmen internal. Temuan ini mendukung pandangan John W. Meyer bahwa organisasi dapat mempertahankan eksistensinya melalui adaptasi terhadap norma institusional, tanpa harus meningkatkan efisiensi atau kejujuran secara nyata.
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